Chapter 18 Discussion

What were the original goals of the revolutionary patriots and where precisely in the revolution did they go astray?

so I guess I'll take this one.

The original goals of the revolutionary patriots during the French Revolution was to bring up issues such as the principles of civic equality and popular sovereignty that challenged the major political and social institutions of Europe. In other words, the working class and peasants wanted more say in what went on in their government. They took their revolution to their beloved city of Paris where it was ruled that voting in the Estates General should be conducted by order rather than by head. Not only this but the Bastille was located in Paris. The prisoners from inside were killed and the Bastille itself had fell. This was made a very huge impact on the French Revolution.

My Question: What was the second revolution of 1792 and why did it occur? (This is the Radical Phase, careful... there is a 2nd French Revolution but we haven't gotten to Napoleon III yet.)

(This is Gupton, No... I'm looking for WHEN in the Revolution did the Revolution turn against the Revolutionaries? You have to go past the basic set up for the Revolution to answer this one. This is the reason why the French Revolution is still puzzled over today. You have no causation in your answer. )

Sumi i got yours then
I got this


The 2nd Revolution occued on August 10, 1792, as Jacobins and sansculottes forced the Assembly to replace itself with a National Convention which abolished the monarchy, declared France a republic and in 1793 executed the king. A large crowd invaded Tuilleries palace and forced Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to take refuge in the Legislative Assembly. They were imprisoned and the king was allowed to do none of his political functions, because the people wanted to defeat the aristocrats and overthrow the monarchy.







Who was Olympe de Gouges, what did she write, and what was her significance on the revolution?

I got tylers


Olympe de Gouge wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman in 1791. This was in response to the document written by France's new "government," entitled The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. This document did not address women. She championed for equal rights, including better education for women.




Who was robespierre and how did he influence the french revolution?

mine.

Robespierre was the dominant figure of the committee of public safety by 1793. He had always wanted France to be a republic, which is why he disagreed with the revolution, thinking it might aid the monarchy. Robespierre believed that policies associated with terror, such as the de-christianization of france, would bring france closer to being a republic. He played a major role in the fight against women's rights and to have France as a republic.


(MORE- Gupton)

Why did the French revolutionary government establish the metric system in 1795 and what use did it have over any previous system?

mine!

the metric system was established in 1795 in order to bring order and simplicity to a system based on 10 instead of the previous chaos of different weights and measures used previously in regions in pre-revolutionary france. it was marked as a new era in human history and a triumph in science. the role it played in the revolution was a major one. it was a system of universal weights and measures. it furthered one of the revolutionaries political goals...centralization. with this spreading across the country france became one step closer to becoming an indivisable republic.

what was the reign of terror? what role did it play in the revolution?

I got Jessica's!

Who were the Sans-Culottes? How did they impact the revolution?

mine-

san-culottes means without breeches. they were people in paris that were the working class such as shopkeepers, artisans, and factory workers. due to the constant food shortages and inflation their lives were very hard and they were getting no assistance. the government required their labor and their lives. from the summers of 1792-1794 their attitudes and ideals were the primary factors to the development of the revolution.

what was the great fear during the french revolution?

That's totally mine.

The “Great Fear” during the French revolution was a movement which swept across the French countryside. It began from rumors about French troops being sent into rural areas, causing conflicts, which also intensified peasant disturbances. These peasants refused to pay feudal dues. They also burned the chateaux and destroyed legal documents and records. All these folks really wanted was food supplies and land that they considered rightfully theirs, and they were very determined to get it too! They considered it rightfully theirs because they had previously lost it through the tightening of the administration, in where the collection of feudal taxes was stricter. These revolting peasants targeted aristocrats and ecclesiastical landlords, those of whom had taken their possessions and degraded them.


What was the Thermidorian reaction and what major effects did it have?

Got it!

This was the fall of essentially the reign of terror. It was the reaction by the Nationally Assembly and the people that was because of all the people the Committee of Public Safety killed. This was also the end of the radical phase of the revolution. It all come about because of the shift of power and them fear. The people in the National Assembly were afraid of the power the sans-culottes had gained. They were also fearful of Robespierre who had turned against his own members on the Committee of Public Safety. This led to his trial and eventual execution. So the Thermidorian Reaction was the end to the reign of terror during the revolution, and a new system called the Directory would be introduces.

Question: De-Christianization played a major role in the French Revolution. What was this role and what was Robespierre's take on it?

Got it!

De-christianization in the French Revolution changed many things. The convention proclaimed a new calander, stripping any religious structure and began with the first day of the French Republic as day 1 year 1. They also renamed many churches, the most famous being Notre Dame becoming "Temple of Reason". Deputies were then sent out to keep de-christianizing, from closing churches, persecuting any believer and clergy and killing priests and nuns. This was so radical though, many opposed it and alienated parts of french government from Paris revolutionary government. Robespierre opposed de-christianization because he believed it would turn peoples loyalty from the republic.

What were the september massacres and whas their effect on the revolution?

this one is mine

The September Massacres were when crowds of Parisians broke into the city jails and murdered about 1200 people they suspected of being counter-revolutionaries. Most of the prisoners were only common criminals, but the masses were vengeful and suspicious, not incredibly careful of whom they killed. Other Europeans were horrified when they learned of this and respected the revolutionaries even less. The Paris Commune soon after created a convention to write a democratic constitution

question: what made the French give up on the goal of a constitutional monarchy and instead adopt a republic form of government?

DIBS!!!

The French gave up on the idea of constitutional monarchy after they realized that the king was counter-revolutionary himself though it was not surprising. But it wasn't exactly them giving up on constitutional monarchy as them changing from more conservative revolutionaries (Girondists) to more radical (san-coulottes). This change also inspired their new choice of government because a republic had been the san-coulottes preference from the beginning.

Question: Why did the other major powers (Austria, Russia, Prussia, ect.) feel threatened by the French Revolution?

MIneeee.

When the Convention violated a treaty that involved Great Britian, Austria, and Holland, the British decided that was the last straw, and wanted to declare war on France. Once the Jacobins were directing the French government, Austria, Prussia, Great Britian, SPain, and Holland(All at war with France) made an alliance called the First Coalition. This alliance protected the social structures, and political and economic systems. These countries felt the need for all of this because the french government and France as a whole was a very powerful country.

Explain the Parisian's Women's March, and describe some of their demands. Were the demands ever met or did the King ignore them?

mine!

the women were upset with the high price of bread and the scarcity of it which is what started the Parisian's Women's March, however other people invlolved in the revolution looking for political reforms got mixed up with the march, Louis XVI agreed to the decrees of the national assembly after hesitation.

what were some of the different groups found during the revloution and how did their exsistance effect the revolution?

mine



The Jacobin Club was the most important and influential group that was involved. They took the first step in de-powerizing the monarchy and through them, the Girodists and Sans-culottes were born. These two groups were important because the Girodists led France into the war with all of the other European nations and the Sans-culottes carried the basic thoughts and wants of the people. Both of these groups held power and started/continued what was being done in the revolution and influenced the eventual constitution writers.



What is the difference between the "Reign of Terror" and "the white terror?" Do you see the two as being connected or disconnected? Why?

The Red Terror in Soviet Russia was the campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the Bolshevik government. The Red Terror is described as having been officially announced on September 2, 1918 by Yakov Sverdlov and ended about October 1918. However many historians, beginning with Sergei Melgunov, apply this term to repressions for the whole period of the Russian Civil War, 1918–1922. The mass repressions were conducted by the secret police, the Cheka, together with elements of the Bolshevik military intelligence agency, the GRU.
Question: what was the red terror and how did it affect Russia.