Chapter 10 Discussion

Quote :

In terms of equality, how far did women come during this period? Include both ones we learned about and the average women, and consider how they might have worked behind the scenes?

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Women definitely came very far in this time period. For instance many women became educated such as Elizabeth of York and her daughters. Before this time period women where considered a burden to fathers and husbands, the only thing they were good for was keeping the household in order and having children to work in the fields. However when the Renaissance occurs women receive more rights or opportunities to certain things such as education. Men start to realize that women are worth more and that they can do just as much men. People see that women can even rule as well as men, such as Elizabeth of York who was well liked for her beauty and grace. Also women like Christine de Pisan, although she didn’t rule she made a large impact on women being one of the first feminists. Behind the scenes women in the Renaissance encouraged their husbands and try to give them good advice on how to handle bargains and other business situations, as stated in Christine de Pisan’s instructions to women on how to handle their husbands.

How did humanism and humanists contribute to the revival of Greek and Latin classics?

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Many Humanists, such as Leonardo Bruni, contributed to the Greek language’s revival. Bruni originally was studying law. When Chrysoloras found the Greek letters, Bruni knew that it would be more beneficial to learn the Greek alphabet. This was because he knew that the letters were likely to disappear again. Bruni became one of the first Humanists to know Latin and Greek.
Another Humanist was Lorenzo Valla. He proved two Latin documents to contain errors. The first, was a document known as the Donation of Constantine. This said that Emperor Constantine gave land to the pope. Valla proved this to be forged because language was used in the document that wasn’t used on its supposed date of development. The other document was the BIBLE. He proved that there were errors in the Latin translation of the New Testament, used by the Catholic Church. Valla’s discoveries inspired many others to collect old documents and try to point out errors in translation.



Who taught Lorenzo de Medici his scheming ways? Why would he teach his children to bribe and mislead people? How didthe Medici family become bankers, when they weren't Jewish??

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Lorenzo de’ Medici also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent learned from his grandfather Cosimo de’ Medici who began the wealthy Medici bloodline. He taught his children to mislead people so that they could get either a higher rank or more money. The Medici family started out as merchants of textiles such as wool. They became wealthy and rose to power. Their bank was considered the most prosperous and respected institutions in Europe. They helped inspire the Italian Renaissance along with other Italian families.


What did Lorenzo Valla contribute to the Renaissance and why was it important?

Mine!!!

During the Renaissance Lorenzo Valla’s most well known contribution was the doubtfulness of the Donation of Constantine, saying that it was a forgery. This was one of his first attacks on the church in his career. Later he also attacked the vow of obedience in his document On the Profession of the Religious. Valla was a humanist that argued with the Church, this was important because this was the beginning of the questioning of the Church and the great rise of Humanism during the Renaissance.

Question: Why was Albrecht Durer considered a Renaissance Man?

mine....

Albrecht was a painter, draughtsman, goldsmith, musician and a writer. He did 200 woodcuts and 100 line engravings. Albrecht was a designer and studied anatomy; mathematics, proportions, perspective and he completed a manual of geometry. He also designed the first flying machine. Durer was a graphic artist and made religious themes and altarpieces. He was one of the first to use tempera and oil glazes. Some of his great works are his Self-Portrait and Adam and Eve. Some of his others are Melainelalia, which was painted in 1514, Knight, Death, and the Devil, which was painted in 1513, and The Four Horsemen, which was painted in 1498. Albrecht Durer was a well-educated man and an experienced painter he was also a great artist in all areas of art making Albrecht Durer a Renaissance man.


Question: What features characterize a Renaissance humanist? Does the Renaissance represent a revolutionary change in European thought and culture? Why or why not.

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Renaissance Humanists believed in the important of studying the classics and learning Latin and Greek. They thought it was important to stress education for everyone and the goal of becoming well rounded people. The Renaissance was a huge change for Western Europe, but the actual ideas of humanism were taken from the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Renaissance and Humanist movement was particularly revolutionary to the Catholic Church since it challenged some of the basic ideas of Catholisism.

question: What factors contributed to Italy's poltical decline after the Italian renaissance?

Me

Because italy was made up of so many inner city states at this time they relied in internal peace to hold the country together. When the french invaded italy it was very ready to break down there government and cause such a political decline because of this.


Name 3 new techniques of art discovered in the renessaince and 2 pieces they were used in. How did these pieces influence life during this time?

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Three techniques that were used in art were symmetry, shading which helped display humans more accurately, and the adjustment of size of figures. Michelangelo’s David sculpture displayed symmetry along with other Renaissance techniques such as harmony and proportion. Also, Raphael’s “The School of Athens” showed much of the Renaissance technique. Renaissance paintings were very realistic and focused on human and their emotions and had a humanistic feel to them.






How was Europe's economy affected after Columbus's discovery? Did it help or hurt the economy?

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It was a mixed blessing. It caused a steady rise in prices that created an inflation rate estimated at 2 percent a year. By 1550, the prices of necessities doubled and it quadrupled in 1600. In Germany, the inflation caused food and clothing to be 100 times more. However, the wealthy governments and private entrepreneurs were able to make advancements in technology such as research, printing, shipping, mining, textile, and weapons technology. So to answer your question, it did both. It caused major inflation but at the same time it made it possible for new advancements in technology.



what were the four social classes of Florence? The majority of the people were in a class outside those four. what was their class? Why did the Ciompi Revolt happen?

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The Four Social Classes in Firenze were the old rich people, or the "Grandi", they were the nobles and merchants that ruled the cities. Then, came the newly rich merchant class, which were capitalists and bankers, also known as the "Popolo Grosso". The third class were the middle-burgher ranks, which were the guild masters, shop owners, and professionals; the smaller business people usually sided with the newly rich class, "Popolo Grosso" than the old rich class,"Grandi". After that, there came the Lowest Class, the "Popolo Minuto", they were the workers. Finally, there was a group that had no wealth whatsoever; they were the "Popolo Minuto" and they made up about one third of Firenze's population, 30,000, in 1457.

The Ciompi Revolt happened because, the lower classes, mostly the "Popolo Minuto", lives were unbearable. Some factors that made life Hell for the lower classes was the feuding conflicts between the "Grandi" and the "Popolo Grosso". Also, the social anarchy created when the Black Death cut Firenze's almost in half. And finally, the collapse of the great banking houses of Bardi and Peruzzi made the poor even more vulnerable. The Ciompi Revolt established a chaotic four year reign of the lower Firenze classes. Then Cosimo de' Medici came into power as Firenze's Banker and Statesman, in 1434.

What roles did Leonardo da Vinci play during his time in the Italian Renaissance? And how did it affect Italy during and after the Renaissance? Also, what exactly is the "Perfect Man", the drawing da Vinci drew?

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Leonardo da Vinci advocated scientific experimentation, dissected corpses to learn anatomy, and was a self-taught botanist. He saw modern machines as airplanes and submarines. He was also one of the greatest painters of all time and advised Italian princes and the French king Francis I on military engineering. This affected Italy during the Renaissance as it most likely educated people about something they have never discovered before. After the Renaissance, more discoveries were probably made to further learn about scientific experimentation and anatomy.

The "Perfect Man" was supposed to show the ideal of human perfection in Leonardo's sketchings. The "Perfect Man" used squares and circles to demonstrate the human body's symmetry and proportionality.

How big of an impact did the Printing Press have on the Italian Renaissance?

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The printing press definitely had an impact on the Renaissance. It was a cheap way to make paper, and made books economical and expanded everyone's view. Printers benefited greatly from this because the numbers just blew up. The literacy affected poeple from all over, giving more attention to frame of mind and self-esteem. If someone who could read, was speaking to someone who couldnt read, it automatically gave the literate person authority over the illiterate person.

How did the new ideas of Humanism and Reform change/alter the Renaissance period?

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The idea of humanism greatly affected the Renaissance. It changed education, putting a huge emphasis on it. Humanists studied Greek and Latin classics and pushed for studia humanitatis, which educated students in a variety of subjects instead of focusing on just one. This is where our current education system came from. Humanism also affected art and literature. Artists began to use new techniques such as perspective, mannerism, and shading. Humanism also helped to lead to the eventual seperation of church and state because it focused less on the church and more on the indiviudal.

The Medici famliy was very influential in Florence during the Renaissance. How did this family influence the Renaissance and what were some of their major contributions?

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The Medici Family influenced the Renaissance by being big patrons of art in which they supported people such as Filippo Brunelleschi who were called crazy by many others. It is because of the Medici Family that we have the Duomo of Florence. Not only were they patrons of the arts but also they were the “mobs” of Florence if you will. They began a small bank in the back of their store. Their first customers were loyal friends and further down the road, loyalty even put money in the Medici Bank. Thus, making them powerful and being able to influence government elections.

Who are Ferdinand and Isabella and why are they important to Europe?

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Isabella of Castile and Fedinand of Castile married in 1469 and they were the king and queen of Spain. This interwined more than 6 million people. Portugal and France opposed this marriage because of they saw the power that would come from it, together, isabella and ferdinand accomplished what they could not have done alone like securing their borders, venturing militarilily, and converting spain to catholicism. they also were very big on exploration and trying to find trade routes.

Why did the northern renaissance differ from the italian renaissance so greatly? what made this possible?

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While the Italian Renaissance focused more on reviving Greek and Roman culture the Northern Renaissance focused on religion. The people that were involved in the northern renaissance read scripture instead of Greek and Roman classics. Many of the Humanist belied that they had to better the church and in this the northern renaissance sparked reform through education. What made this different is the different cultures. Ulrich von Hutten mixed humanism in with German Nationalism giving it what most would think of as a hostile edge.

Question: Who the Treaty of Tordesillas between and what did it do?

Easy question = mine.
Treaty of Tordesillas was between Spain and Portugal to settle "dispute" over New World claims. Spain got New World, and Portugal got its routes that it wanted. It was signed June 7, 1494 in Tordesillas, Spain.


Question:
Who was Albrecht Durer and what did he do: also, what part of the Renaissance was he in, Italian or Northern.

Meee:)


Albrecht Durer, a painter during the Renaissance, was most famous for his self-potraits. In these he imposed his face on a portrayal of Christ. This artwork was called "the birth of the modern artist". Later on in his life, he no longer saw himself as heroic and devine as he once did. His potraits became gloomy and depressing. He no longer painted himself as a vision of Christ and not as handsome as he used to.



During the French Invasion, the Treaty of Lodi was formed. What did this treaty imply or do? Who did this involve?